Qormadan waxaynu ku eegaynaa Tallaalka ay soo saartay Jaamacada Oxford ee ay hirgelinayso shirkada AstraZeneca oo magaciisa la yidhaa “Covishield” ama “ChAdOx1 nCoV-19” ama AZD1222. Tallaalkani dhowr arimood oo muhiim ah ayuu kaga duwan yahay labada tallaal ee kala ah Pfizer/BioNteck iyo Moderna.
Ugu horayn, inkastoo barootiinka bartilmaameedka u ah ee ay rabaan in ay ku badiyaan jidhka dhexdiisa uu isku mid yahay (Spike protein) tallaalka Oxford-AstraZeneca waxa uu adeegsanayaa DNA da fayraska SARS-CoV-2 halka labada kale ay adeegsanayaan mRNA-da fayraska, taasina waa kala duwanaansho wayn. Arinta labaad waxa weeye tallaalkan AZD1222 si uu DNA-da fayraska SARS-CoV-2 u geliyo unugyada jidhkeena una dhaafiyo dahaadhada unuga iyo buโda (cell and nucleus membranes) waxa uu DNA-da ku qaadayaa Fayras layidhaa Adenovirus oo ah hargab-dhaliye ku dhaca daanyeerka loo yaqaan Chimpanzee.
Culimadu waxay soo qaadeen fayraska Adenovirus oo degelkiisu yahay daanyeerka Chimpanzee kadib waxaa laga siibay awoodii uu ku tarmi lahaa si aanu ugu dhex badan jidhka qofka; fayraskaas awoodii taranka laga siibay waxa loo bixiyay magaca ChAdOx1. Kadibna hide-sidihii ka masโuulka ahaa mid ka mid ah barootiinnada Fayraska COVID-19 uu ka samaysan yahay oo layidhaa “Spike protein” ayaa lagu dhex beeray fayraskii Adenovirus. Markaas ayaa Adenovirus oo sida hide-sidaha spike protein lagu turqayaa qofka. Faaโiidada fayraska Adenovirus waxa weeye inuu DNA-da gaadhsiiyo unugyada dhexdooda.
Habkan la adeegsanayo fayraska Adenovirus si DNA loo gaadhsiiyo buโda unugyada maโaha fikrad curdin ah sida labada tallaal ee kale, laakiin mudo dheer ayaa cilmi baadhiso kala duwan lagu waday; waxaa hore loogu soo tijaabiyay in tallaal loogu helo Zika virus iyo Ebola virus, inkastoo aan guul wayn oo tan Coronavirus laga gaadhay oo kale aan laga gaadhin kuwaas hore; laakiin waa farsamo laga bogtay, la maydhaamay oo wax badan laga fahamsan yahay.
Arinta saddexaad ee aan la hilmaami karin waxa weeye tallaalka Oxford-AstraZeneca wuu ka adkaysi badan yahay labada tallaal ee aadka loogu dhererinayo sababtuna waxa weeye DNA way ka adkaysi badantahay RNA marka shaybaadhka lagu farsamaynayo; fayraska Adenovirus ee lagu xambaarayaana wuxuu u sii noqday dahaadh sare oo ilaaliya inta la gaadhsiinayo buโda unugyada. Labadaa arimood waxay u saamaxeen tallaalkan in aanu u baahan qaboojin xad-dhaaf ah (38โ46ยฐF (2โ8ยฐC) sida labada tallaal ee kala ah pfizer/BioNteck iyo Moderna.
Cilmi-baadhista tallaalkan Oxford/Astra-Zeneca waxay ka dhacday saddex dal, boqortooyada midowday, Baraasil iyo Koonfur afkira. Marka laga reebo KA oo aan lagu darin qiimayntii hordhaca ahayd, labada dal ee kale isugaynta tirada dadka ka qayb galay tijaabada tallaalku waxay gaadhayeen 12 kun oo qof (sagaal kun oo ingiriiska ah iyo saddex kun oo Baraasiil ah). Guud ahaan awooda tallaalkani waa inta u dhaxaysa 72% ilaa 90% oo ku xidhan hadba inta ay leโegtahay xadiga qofka mar lagu turqayaa iyo mudo intee gaadhaysa ayaa la kala fogaynayaa labada xadi. Laba jeer oo ay u dhaxayso ugu yaraan 28 maalmood ayay tahay in qofka lagu mudo.
Saddexda tallaal ee ilaa hada ugu xooga badan tallaalada tirada badan ee is dhex boodaya, waa midka ugu haboon wadama soo koraya marka la eego xaga jabnaanta qiimaha (Astra-Zeneca $4, Pfizerโs $20, Modernaโs,$33), waxa taasi sii qurxinaya markii shirkada samaysay tallaalkani ay balan qaaday in aanay wax faaโiido ah ka samayn doonin iibinta iyo qaybinta tallaalkan. Xagga kaydinta waxa lagu hayn karaa mudo lix bilood ah qabow aan ka badnayn (38โ46ยฐF (2โ8ยฐC), taasi oo fududaynaysa in la gaadhsiin karo wado kaabayaasha dhaqaale ay liitaan, waa sida wadamada korayaa u badan yihiine.
Dhinaca kale, shirkada tallaalkan samaynaysa waxay ballan qaaday in ay sanadkan 2021 so saari doonto ugu yaraa afar bilyan oo turqadood (4 billion doses) taasina aad ayay uga badan tahay inta labada shirkadood ee kale ballan qaadeen. Marka la eego mushkiladaha aan lagu talo gelin ee tallaalka ka dhalan kara, sadexda tallaal waa isku mid walina ma cada sida ay u kala amaan badan yihiin; waxa kale oo aan la hubin mudada uu jidhku sii haysan karo difaaca tallaalku sababay oo wakhtigan lagu qiyaaso ugu yaraan lixbilood.
Waxa aan wali daraasad buuxda aan lagu samayn aayatiinka danbe saamaynta uu yeelan karo tallaalkan iyo farsamada lagu abuuray sida ay ula falgeli doonto hide-sideyaasha jidhka qofka inkastoo ay qolyaha tallaalka soo saaray ay ku doodayaan in aanu wax dibin-daabyo ah ku yeelan doonin taranta dadka tallaalkan qaata.
Ilaa imika wadamada ugu tunka wayn ee tallaalka Oxford/Aztra-Zeneca ansixiyay in wadankooda lagu adeegsado waxa ugu horeeya Maraykan, Ingiriiska, Ustareeliya, Canada iyo Switzerland.
Dhamaan tallaalada lagaga hortagayo COVID-19 waxa ku gedaaman masalooyin kakan oo aan wali jawaabo waafi ah loo hayn kuwaas oo mudo dheer qaadan doona in sifiican looga qanco. Awood kasta ha lahaadee, mudo dheer ayay qaadan doontaa in tallaaladaasi ina soo gaadhaan, inta ka horaysa waa in dib loo eego siyaasada ka hortaga ee aynu u dejinay COVID-19 oo dib loo cusboonaysiiyo foojignaantii bulshada iyo is wacyi gelintiiba inta xeedho iyo fandhaal kala dhicin.