Markii ay burburtay dawladdii dhexe ee Somalia sannadkii 1991 kii waxaa Iyana istaagay hawshii hagidda diyaaradaha ama xidhiidhkii hawada iyo navigation Aid-kii hawada Somalia. Laga soo bilaabo wakhtigaa ay burburtay dawladii dhexe ilaa dhamaadkii 1992kii waxaa hawada diyaaraduhu ku marayeen radar la’aan ama “communication Dead Zone”, oo ah in diyaaradaha duulaya airspace-ka aanu radar ilaalinaynin, jirina waxa loo yaqaan (Aircraft Separations) sidaa daraadeed ay raacaan flight route-koodii ay ku soo dula mareen Waypoint-kii ugu danbeeyey ee ay soo kor mareen ee Radar-ka lahaa, taasoo xawaaraha ay ku xadidayso, flight level-kana aanay ka bixin, ama ay qaadato air route ka duwaya Zone-kan aanu radar ama ATC ka jirin. Habkan oo ahaa blind spot ay aad ugu dhibanaayeen diyaaradaha dul marayey hawada Somalia wakhtigaa.
Hadaba, markii ay Marakanku yimaadeen Somalia ee ay bilaabantay hawlgalkii loogu magac daray Operation Restore Hope ee Umosom II ee 5tii December 1992 ilaa 4tii May 1993 baahida ATC la’aaneed ee ka jirtay Mogadishu, iyo ciidamada Maraykanka iyo UN-ta oo aad ugu xidhnaa gargaarka xagga cirka ayaa suurta geliyay in ay sameeyaan adeeg xagga isgaadhsiinta hawada sare iyagoo Ciidamo isku jir ah oo uu Maraykanku hogaaminayey oo la odhan jiray UNITAF (Unified Task Force) oo gacanta ku haysay garoonka Mogadishu iyagoo adeegsanaya JFACC (Joint Force Air Component Commander) isticmaalayana US Naval Ship Radar. Horraantii sannadkii 1993 ayey keeneen NAVAID dhammaystiran oo ay kaga maarmeen isticmaalkii Oceanic Radar-ka.
Ka dib markii ay ciidamada Maraykanu ka baxeen 4tii May 1993-kii ayey ku UNOSOM II ku wareejiyeen hawshii hawada ee ay mudada kooban wadeen. Ka dib UNDP iyo ICAO ayaa iska kaashadeen inay sameeyaan isgaadhsiin asaasi ah ilaa ay 1995 oo ay dalka ka baxeen, halkaana uu mandate-kii kaga dhamaaday.
Bishii June ee 1996-kii ayaa iyagoo iskaashi samaynaya ICAO iyo UNDP ay ku aasaaseen hay’ad loogu magac daran CACAS (Civil Aviation Caretaker Authority of Somalia) oo uu fadhigoodana laga dhigay Nairobi. Ilaa inta la helayo Dawlad Soomaaliyeed oo la aqoonsan yahayna ay gacanta ku hayso hay’addani hawada Somalia.
Arrintaas waxaa ka shaqeeyay nin magaciisa la yidhaa Kemoitse Mosupukwa oo dhalasho ahaan ka soo jeeday waddanka Botswana, muddo aad bandanna u shaqeynayey ICAO, Board member-na ka ahaa Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana (CAAB). ICAO iyo CACAS waxay kala saxiixdeen 5 qodob oo ku saabsan Somalia Airspace project (PROJECT SOM/03/016), kuwaas kala ahaa:
1. Inay sameeyaan adeeg dhammaystiran oo lagu maamulo hawada Somalia.
2. In ay suurta geliyaan adeeg ay istimaalaan diyaaradaha caalamiga ah iyo kuwa adeega bani’aadanimo.
3. Inay ay dardar geliyaan sidii ay u soo saari lahaayeen shaqaale Soomaliyeed oo hanan kara habka adeega iyo maamulka hawada Somalia/Somaliland ka dib marka la wareejiyo airspace-ka.
4. Inay dhaqaalaha ka soo baxa adeegga ka bixiyaan wixii iyaga kharsiyaadkooda ah (operational cost)
5. In dhaqaalaha ka soo baxa lagu horumariyo qalabaynta iyo dayac-tirka airports-ka Somalia iyo Somaliand.
Mudada ay hay’addan CACAS gacanta ku hayso hawada Somalia waxaa qorshuhu ahaa in lacagta revenue-ga ah ee laga qaado diyaaradaha isticmaala hawada oo ah kharashka hawo marista (overfly charge) lagu bixiyo account-ka CACAS ee Nairobi.
Hadaba, badanaa hay’adaha adduunka ee maamula hawada waddankoodu waxa ay qiimaha hawo marista (overfly charges) ku qiimeeyaan miisaanka diyaaradda oo qiyaasteeda la qaadanayo miisaanka ay ku kacdo ee loo yaqaan MTOW (Maximum Take Off Weight), oo lagaga lacag qaadanayo halkii Ton-ba iyo inta ay masaafad ahaan ka isticmaalayso hawada dalkaa. Laakiin Somalia waxay ka mid tahay waddama ku qiimeeya lacag xadidan (flat rate) oo ah $275 halkii mar ee ay diyaaraddu hawada soo gashoba.
Waxaa hawada Soomaaliya isticmaala qiyaas ahaan 250 flight marka lagu daro safarada sii marista iyo soo noqoshadooda iyo kuwa ku degaya garoomada halkii maalinba ama 24kii saacadood. Taasoo revenue-ga ka soo xarooda ka dhigaysa $ 25,093,750 sannadkii.
Hadaba, dhaqaalahan oo ay hay’adda ICAO u xil saartay UNDP inay marka laga bixiyo qarshiyaadka hawl galka (Operation expenses) in wax loogu qabto Somalia/Somaliland sida dib u dhiska airports-ka iyo qalabayntooda (Airport infrastructures and facilitation) iyo tababarka shaqaalaha (Capacity building), si hawada Somalia/ Somaliland ay u noqdaan kuwo standard ahaan iyo aqoon ahaanba noqda qaar u shaqeeya si nabadgelyo leh (Full operational capacity).
Laakiin ha’yadda CACAS waxay ku guul darraysatay hawshii loo igmaday, iyadoo aan samayn sharciyadii iyo habraacii hawada, midda kalena aan wax tabobar ah siinin shaqaalihii u dhashay Somalia iyo Somaliland. Taasoo aanay wax aqoon ah uga faa’ideyn xagga Xeerarka duulimaayada (Aviation Regulations), qaanuunka hawada (Legislations), badbaadada iyo ka hortegidda shilalka diyaaradaha (Safety Management Systems), hawlaha gurmadka iyo baadigoobka (Search and Rescue operations) iyo xaaladaha degdegga ah ee Contingency plan, marka laga reebo dad faro ku tiris ah oo aan loo tababarin habka maalmulka iyo maareynta oo shaqaale hoose uun loogu tababaray, si ay awooddu ugu sii jirto gacanta CACAS. Dhaqaalihii ka soo baxayeyna uu noqday mid si qaldan loo isticmaalay oo aan laga run sheegin habka loo isticmaalay.
Hadaba, bishii June 2009-kii ayaa 2 nin oo ka socday ICAO Technical assessment team, kana socday xarunta weyn ee ICAO eek u taalla Mortreal ee waddanka Canada. Labadaa nin oo kala ahaa Ernest Wickersham oo ahaa hogaamiyaha Evaluation team-ka, Jose Carvalho oo isna ahaa Aviation & Evaluation Expert iyo nin isna ka socday dhinaca Somalida oo la yidhaahdo Dahir M. Caalin ay baadhitaan ku sameeyeen CACAS. Baadhitaankaas oo ujeedadiisu ahayd:
A. In la hirgaliyey 5-tii qodob ee CACAS lagu siiyey project-ka.
B. In ujeedooyinkii project-ku yahay mid la jaanqaadi kara xaaladaha hadda jira (Current context).
kana soo saareen warbixin 24kii July 2009-kii ay ku caddaynayaan in CACAS project-kii ku fashilantay, qaladaad badanna ka helay habka loo maamulay project-ka tusaale ahaan:
1. Ayadoo habka xisaabaadka ay ku jiraan qaladaad badan, CACAS-na ay ku andacootay in aanay kharashka hawa marista mooyee aanay iyagu qaban airport charges-ka, oo ay qaataan airports-ka Somalia/Somaliand.
2. Iyadoo kharash ay bixiyaan diyaaradaha qaarkood ee Air Navigation Service (ANS) aan lagu soo shubin account-ka CACAS, oo lagu bixiyey dariiqyo kale.
3. In aan tababar fiican aan la siinin shaqaalaha Somalia/Somaliland si ay u noqdaan kuwo hanan kara xilalka maamulka marka la wareejiyo maamulka hawada.
4. Waxaanay ku eedeeyeen in ay ICAO iyo UNDP labaduba ay gabeen hawlihii ay ahyd inay la socdaan taasina keentay in ay timaado xisaab xumo iyo hab maamul qaldan.
Waxay assessment teamku talo ku bixiyeen saddex arrimood in sida ugu dhakhso badan loo fuliyo, kuwaasoo kala ah:
1. In CACAS ay dardar geliso hawlaha dib u dhiska baahiyaha ka jira airports-ka oo ay ka mid tahay qalabayn iyo qorsheynba ee baahiyaha HVF, NAVAIDS, GNSS, AIS iyo AEROMET (Taasoo ku xidhan kolba sida loo helo dhaqaale).
2. In hawlaha shaqo ee maamul iyo maareynba gacanta loo geliyo shaqaalaha Soomalida ah ee tababarka qaadanaya, iyagoo ay masuuliyiinta CACAS observe gareynayaan.
3. In Somalia, Somaliland ay wada hadlaan oo ay maamulka hawada ku heshiiyaan iyagoo samaysanaya guddi lagu magacaabo “Steering Committee”, gudidaas oo la socda xaaladaha shaqo, kuna midaysan marka ay shirar la gelayaan ICAO si loo dedejiyo wareejinta hawada.
Waxaa kale oo xusid mudan in markii uu mandate-kii ay ICAO ugu dhiibtay CACAS uu ka dhamaaday 2012-kii, ay hay’addu weli sii wadday hawshii iyadoo markaa magacii u bedeshay FISS (Flight Information Service for Somalia), taasoo ah hab ay hay’addu kaga baxaysay Caretaker-nimadii, ayna isu muujinayaan in ay markan tahay Flight Information Service ay Somalia leedahay laakiin si ku meel gaadh ah uun u sii isticmaalaya xarrunta Nairobi inta ay Somalia iyo Somaliland ay ku heshiinayaan wareejinta hawada. Waxaana laga war sugayaa shirka Somalia iyo Somaliland uga furmay 23-kii February 2012-kii.
F.G:
Iyadoo ay dalka yimaadaan diyaarado laga leeyahay waddamada deriska, Carabta iyo Turkiguba, ayey haddana waddamada Maraykanka iyo Midowga Yurub (EU) hay’adaha u qaabilsan hawada ee FAA iyo EASA ay hawada Somalia ku tilmaameen inay tahay High Risk Aispace, diyaaradaha laga leeyahay Maraykanka waxay FAA amar ku siisay in aanay ka hoosayn 26,000ft (FL260) marka ay isticmaalayaan Somalia Airspace, halka ay EASA iyaduna ku amartay diyaarada EU laga leeyahay in aanay ku duulin 25,000ft (FL250) wax ka hooseeya iyagoo NOTAM-ka ay pilots-ku istimaalaanna ku caddeeyey. Waxay labada hay’adoodba digniinahaa u bixiyeen inay khatar u tahay MANPADS (Man-portable air-defence systems) looga cabsi qabo in lala beegsado.
LA SOCO QAYBTA 3AAD IYO SHIRARKII SOMALIA/SOMALILAND.
Xigasho:- Ahmed Musa