Qoraalkeenii hore waxaynu ku soo eegnay heshiiska Isfahan [Memorandum of understanding] ee dhexmaray Dawladda Somaliland iyo Dawladda Imaaradka Carabta. [Halkan Riix]
Heshiiskaasi nuxurkiisu waxa uu ahaa iskaashi dhinacyo badan ah [areas of Cooperation] oo labada Dawladdood ah kana kooban 8 meelood oo ay baahi weyn u qabto Somaliland in lagala shaqeeyo, meelahaasi waxa ka mid ahaa beeraha, Shaqaalaynta, Tamarta, kaydinta shiidaalka, horumarinta warshadaha, Dekadaha, wadooyinka iyo dalxiiska.
Meelahaas ayaa lagu heshiiyay in laga wada shaqeeyo, waxa kaloo heshiisku xusay in Dp-world oo ah shirkad weyn oo fadhigeedu yahay Magaalada Dubai, ay noqto fuliyaha koowaad ee heshiiskan si ay tusaale soo jiidasho leh ugu noqto ganacsatada reer Dubai.
Qodobka 6aad ee heshiiskaas oo tilmaamaya in Dawlada Imaaradku ay Somaliland ka taageerto maalgalinta Dekada berbera ayaa ah ka ilaa hadda fulay, kaas oo Dawladda Somaliland iyo Dp-world ay kala saxeexdeen heshiis hordhac ah.
Haddaba Heshiiska wareejinta Dekada Berbera oo ah nooca heshiisyada loo yaqaano โโConcessionsโ oo ah โheshiis u dhexeeya Dawladdaha iyo Ganacsatada (Companies) macaash doonka ah kaas oo la siinayo xuquuqda maamulida hanti gaar ah oo ay dawladdu leedahay taas badalkeedana lagu xidhayo shuruudoโ.
Sida uu xusayo Kenneth S. Carlston oo ah khabiir sharci yaqaana maraykan ah oo ย maqaal ay summadiisu tahay [Vol.52.No (Apr, 1958) pp. 260.279] ciwaan uga dhigay โConcession Agreements and Nationalizationโ ย ku daabacay joornaalka afka dheer ee la yidhaa ย โThe American Journal of International Law โ ayaa tilmaamaya in heshiisyada nooc “Concession” ka ahi ay yihiin kuwa siinaya ganacsatada heshiiska maalgashiga samaynaysa xuquuqda maamulida hanti gaar ah oo ay dawladdu leedahay, wax kale oo uu tilmaamayaa in noocyadda heshiiyadani ay yihiin kuwo ay wada leeyihiin dawladdaha iyo ganacsto [mixed public and private] ku heshiiyay maamulida iyo maalgalinta hanti ay dawladdu leedahay kuwaas oo ku heshiiyay kala qaadashada xadi gaar ah oo macaash ah.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo nooc heshiiska ee ay Dawladda Somaliland gashay sidaas ugu ogal yahay in ay hantideedii dekada wareejin karto ma ayna wareejin lakiin waxay qaateen nooc ka duwan oo ah in ay sameeyaan kambani gaar ah oo ay si wada jira ugu wareejiyaan drkada berbera kaasni uu noqdo mid maamula dekada, saamiga kambigaasna la wada yeesho haba lakala badsadee.
Heshiiska wareejinta Dekada berbera waa mid ah noocan aynu soo xusnay ah, waxa uu heshiisku tilmaamayaa:
1) in la soo jeediyay [Soo jeedin waxa ka dhigay wali heshiisku rasmi maaha] ย in Dawladda Somaliland ay lahaanshaha (ownership) dekada berbera ku wareejiso Berbera port Authority (BPA) oo u matali doonta Dawladda Somaliland galida heshiiskan.
2) In la soo jeediyay in Berbera port Authority (BPA) ay iyna ku wareejiso Maamulka Dekada ย kambani (Compnay) gaar ah oo ay wadda leeyihiin Berbera port Authority (BPA) oo wakiil ka ah Dawladda Somaliland iyo DP-World FZE oo shirkad caalami ah oo ka shaqaysa in ka badan 70 dawladood oo ay ku jiraan kuwo geeska Africa ahi. Kambaniga la wadda leeyahay waxa lagu heshiiyay [soo jeedina ah] in boqolkiiba 65% ay lahaanshihiisa [saami] yeelato Shirkada DP-World FZE halka 35% ay lahaanshihiisa yeelato Berbera port Authority (BPA) oo wakiil ka ah Dawladda Somaliland, sidaasna uu kambanigaas la samayn doonaa uu ku maamulo hawsha shaqda ee dekada berbera [ waynu arki doonaa qaabka loo samayno, maamulkiisu inta uu noqnayo, sida go’aanada masiiriga ah loo qaadnayo, waa heshiis ka danbalmaya kan “Concession” ka ah ee aynu hadda faaladiisa ku jirno waxan la yidhaa heshiiskaas ” Shareholders agreement”.
Halkan Dawladda Somaliland waxa ugu jira dhawr shay oo mudan is-dultaagid, ugu horayn waxa cad in Dawlada Somaliland ay siisay heshiiskan muhiimad gaar ah taas oo ah inay hubisay cida heshiiska wada galaysa iyo qaabka loo galayba waan mid aad ku qanci karto marka aad aragto habka iyo hanaanka loo maray, wax kaloo cad in aanay jirin in Shirkada Dp-World lagu wareejiyay dekada berbera lakiin lagu wareejiyay kambani gaar ah oo la wadda leeyahay lakiin ay saamiga u badan leedahay Shirkada Dp-world, taasi waxay meesha ka saaraysaa shakigii ay dad badani ka qabeen in lahaanshihii (owernship) dekada la wareejiyay ย lakiin dhab ahaan lagu wareejiyay kambani gaar ah oo maamulka iyo shaqada dekada wadi doona kaas oo la qaybsaday lahaanshihiisa (Company ownership).
Haddaba waa maxay shaqada uu qabanayo kambaniga gaarka ahi sida uu heshiiskan “concession” ahi tilmaamayaa kambanigani waxa uu qaban doonaa;
1) In uu balaadhiyo shaqada dekada berbera isla markaana uu dhisi doono, Maamulina doono, kalana badali doono dhamaan qaybaha dekada ee kala duwan sida kuwa ay markabka ama doonyahu ku soo xidhaan. [existing Quays]
2) In uu dhisi doono dekad cusub, Maamulana doono, sidoo kalna uu kala badlo [New Quays] qaybaha cusub ee dekada cusub lagu kordhinayo.
Labadaas qodob oo ah kuwo aad u balaadhan ayuu qaban doonoo kambanigani, qaabka shaqada uu u qaban doonan waxa lagu xusay shuruudaha heshiiskan oo ka kooban 37 qodob kaas oo aynu mid mid u eegi doono insha allah.
Heshiiskan Dawlada Somaliland waxay ku gashay magaca dekada berbera, kaas oo u matalaya galida heshiiskan, waxa kaloo heshiisku tilmaamay in shuruudo lagu heshiiyay kaas oo u dhexeeyaa Berbera port Authority (BPA) oo sidaynu sheegayn Somaliland matalaysa iyo Kambaniga gaarka ah ee la wadda leeyahay [kaas oo ay qayb ka tahay Dp-world FZE].
Qodobadaas sare ee hordhaca ah waxa ku jirta sadex shay oo Somaliland Faaโiido gaar ah u leh;
1) in Dawladda Somaliland ay samaysay hanaan maamul oo soo jiidan kara maalgashto kale kuwaas oo ka la dhici kara qaabka jaranjarada ah ee heshiisku loo dhigay {MOU -> Concession -> Share holders agreement ) kaas niyad sami siin kara maalgashto kale oo reer dubai ama dunida kaleba ah.
2) Waxa kale oo faaโiido inoo ah in aan dekadu gacanta dawlada Somaliland ka wada bixin lakiin aynu wax aynu qayb ka nahay ku wareejinay Maamulida hantideedan qaaliga ah ee dekada, taas oo niyad sami siin karta qof kasta oo reer Somaliland ah gaar ahaa reer saaxil oo deegaan ahaa u degan berbera.
3) waxa kale oo faa’ido ah ah mid laga ย baran karno in Somaliland ay barto sida qayb looga noqdo kambiniyada xuduudaha ka taalbsan (Multi-national Companies) isla markaasna loola galo heshiisyo caalami ah.
Haddaba, inaga oo aan faalada ku ย dheeraanayay aynu bal aan eegno shuruudaha 37-ka qodob ah ee lagu heshiiyay isla markaana kambaniga cusub iyo Berber port Authority galeen.
1) Labada Dhinac (Parties) – labada dhinac ee heshiiska wada galay waa ย Dawladda Somaliland (oo lagu heshiiyay in ay u wakiilato BPA, lakiin wixii looga maarimi waayo laga qayb galiyo, Xaga danbe ayaynu ku arki doonaa meelaha Dawladdu ka soo galayso si toos ah) iyo Berbera port Authority(BPA) iyo Kambani la wada leeyahay saamigiisa kaas oo ay qayb ka tahay Dp-World.
2) Mashruuca (project) – BPA waxay siin doontaa kambaniga la wada leeyahay xuquuqda maamulida dekada berbera iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha heshiiskan “Concession” ka ah. sidoo kale Kambanigu waxa uu balaadhin doonaa dekada waxna uu dhisi doonaa dekada cusub isaga oo maalgalin doona qabashada hawlahaas.
3) Wakhtiga bilaabida mashruuca (commencement Date) – Wakhtiga bilaabid mashruucani waa waxa uu noqonayaa marka la dhameeyo ama lagu guulaysto heshiiska rasmiga ah sidoo kalna lagu qanciyo fulinta mashruuca deegaanka, sidoo kalna la sameeyo cilmi baadhis iyo soo eegid deegaanka mashruuca.
Qodobada kale ee bilaabida mashruuca ku xidhani waa sidan;
- A) Dhaqan galista heshiiska saami layda kambaniga la wada samayn doono iyo heshiiska maamulka dekada [ fiiro gaar, heshiiskan danbe wali maynu arkin ama lama soo shaac saarin]
- B) In baarlaamaanka Somaliland ay meel mariyaan heshiiska “Concession” ka ah. [Tani waxay meesha ka saaraysaa sheegashada dad badan ee ah in heshiiska la tahriibinayo]
- C) Hirgalinta ama ogalaansha wax kasta oo ku xidhan Dawladda sida habayanta Cashuurta Maamul ee ku xusan faraqa Qodobka 18aad ee heshiiskan.
- D) Cadayn rasmi ah oo sheegaysa in dawladdu ay lahaanshaha (Full ownership) dekada ku wareejisay Maamulka Dekada berbera (Berbera Port Authority BPA), [Tani malaha waxay u baahan tahay in Golahaaysha sharci dajinta laga ansixiyo in dekada si rasmi ah loo makansiiyo BPA]
- D) In Dawladda Somaliland ay diyaariso dhamaan wixii liisamo ah ama ogalaansho ah ee ku xidhan bilaabid mashruuca.
- E) In dawladdu soo gudbiso macluumaadkii ugu dambeeyay ee maaliyadeed ee dekadu leedahay.
Intaas oo qodob marka la eego waxa cad in heshiiska dekada Berbera uu kaliya fuli karo marka bulshada Somaliland ay wada fahamto inuu dan u yahay galida heshiiskani.
4) Kali ahaansha Mashruuca (Exclusivity).
La soco qaybaha dambe oo aynu si weyn ugu sii faaqidi doono.
Cabdiqani Maxamed Cige
MA Governance and Leadership- Candidate, researchย fellow.
fmcige@gmail.com