Hordhac
Kahor inta ย aanan si faahfaahsan u eegin miisaaniyadda Somaliland 2022, waa in aan eray ka yidhaa qeexidda ย iyo macnaha miisaaniyada. Miisaaniyaddu waa halbeeg dhaqaale (economic instrument), dowladi curiso si ay qorshe-hawleed (roadmap) ay ugu samayso hawlaha mudnaanta hortabinta u leh si sanadle ah. Sikale waa istraajiyad dhaqaale (annual economic strategy) oo lagu qiyaaso dakhliga iyo kharashaadka xilli goโan (specific period), waxa laga milicsadaa arrimaha mudnaanta u leh (reflect on priority issues) dowlada sanad maaliyadeedka ay ilaha dakhliga, maalgalinta iyo kharash gareynta ku samaynayso. Dowlad bayaanka miisaaniyadu (budget statement) waxa ay ka caawisaa inay mudnaanta siiso baahiyaha kala duwan ee dalka (to prioritise the different needs of country) ha noqoto sugida aminiga, xoojinta dhaqaalaha, kor u qaadida maamul wanaaga, hormarinta waxsoosaarka, dhismaha iyo dayactirka kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, taageerida qaybaha nugul, ilaalinta saraynta sharciga, baahinta xukunka, ama hagaajinta hab- nololeedka bulshada iwm.
Sidoo kale miisaaniyada waxa loo diyaariyaa in lagu soo bandhigo dakhliyadda dowlada iyo qorshooyinka kharash gareynta si loo dardargeliyo isbedelka dhaqan-dhaqaale (to accelerate socio-economic transformation), waa aaladda ugu muhiimsan ee ay dowlad u adeegsato in ay u turjunto himilooyinka hormarineed ee qaranku (to translate development aspirations of the nation) u leeyahay mustaqbalka, iyada oo bayaanka ku soo bandhigaysa hawl- qabadyada hortabinta u leh sanadka. Ujeedada miisaaniyad dowladi uga gol leedahay waxa ka mid ah; dib u qoondaynta khayraadka (reallocation of resource), yaraynta sinaan laโaanta dakhliga iyo hantida (minimize inequalities income and wealth), yaraynta kala duwnaaanshaha gobolada (reducing regional disparities) iwm.
Odoroska miisaaniyadda sanadka 2022 waa miisaaniyadii 31aad ee ay yeelato Somaliland, qoddobka 55aad, farqadiisa 4aad ee dastuurka wuxuu farayaa Laanta Fulinta (xukuumada) ee dowladda in ay diyaariso miisaaniyad sanadeedka qaran (national budget) iyo xisaab-xidhka sanad maaliyadeedkii dhammaaday (Ended financial reports). Gollaha Wakiiladu waxa awood dastuuriya u leeyahay inoo wax bedel, dib u eegis, dood, iyo kabis ku sameeyo miisaaniyadda xukuumaddu soo samaysay, kahor inta aan goโaan golle lagu ansixin. 27th Dec 2021, Wasiirka Wasaaradda Maaliyadda Dr. Sacad Cali Shire waxa uu Gollaha Wakiiladda horgeeyay Odoroska Miisaaniyadda 2022. Haddaba iyada oo aynu adeegsanayno xogta miisaaniyadda sanad maaliyadeedka falanqaynta waxa aynu diirada ku saari 1. ilaha dhincayadda dakhliyada, qoondaynta, mudnaanta kharashka, khaladadka, hufnaanta (efficiency), waxtarka (effectiveness), daahfurnaanta, iyo kala mudnaanta kharash geraynta hawlaha (Prioritization of expenditure rationalization activity), adeeygyadda iyo mashaariicda miisaaniyadda ku jira. 2. Meelaha korodhku ka imanayo, sida goboladda dakhliyada loogu kala qoondeeyay in ay uga ka yimaadaan iyo miisaaniyadda loo qoondeeyay waaxyaha.
Guudmar Dhaqaalaha iyo Miisaaniyada
Somaliland waa dal madax banaan oo dhaca Geeska Africa, oo u taagan nabad, dimuqraadiyad, xasilooni, barwaaqo iyo iskaashiga mandaqadda, waxa si rasmiya loogu dhawaaqay in uu ka goโay Jamuuriyadda Somalia 1991. Waxa ay xuduud la wadaagtaa Djibouti dhanka Galbeed, Itoobiya Koonfurta, Yemen Waqooyiga iyo Somalia dhanka Bariga. Waxa ay leedahay xuduud dheer oo furan iyo dakhli dhaqaale oo si weyn ugu tiirsan ganacsiga caalamiga ah, gaar ahaan badeecadaha la soo dhoofiyo ((highly dependent on import trade), xoolaha, xawaaladaha iyo kaalmadda deeqaha.
Halbeega waxsoosaarka dhaqaalaha gudaha (GDP) Somaliland waxa lagu qiyaasaa $2.9 Billion, halka 2022 xadiga odoroska koritaanka sanadluhu (annual growth rate) ee heerka waxsoosaarka guud yahay dhexdhexaad mudada dhexe 2%. Somaliland tirada dadka kunool waxa lagu qiyaasaa 5.7 Milyan oo qof, halka saami dakhli ee waxsoosaarka qofku (GDP per capita income) waa $697 (2020) [1] oo la micno ah in qofku maalinta uu ku noolyahay (living current per capita) wax ka yar $1.5 (Power Purchasing Parity), waana mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya dunida. GDP-gu Ku dhawaad waxa uu ka soo galaa xoolaha 30%, waxa ku xiga ganacsiga 24%, xawaaladaha 22%, beeraha 8%, dakhliga cashuuraha 7%, hantida ma guurtada 6% iyo 3% qaybaha kale.
Baanka Hormarinta Africa (ADB), waribixintiisa 2020 sanadlaha ah (Economic Outlook Paper) [2] waxa uu ku sheegay in wadamadda Bariga Africa ay hoggaaminayaan koboca hormarka dhaqaalaha qaarada (economic development growth) iyadoo lagu qiyaaso korodhka GDP-ga 5.1% (Pre-covid-19), waxa ku xiga wadamadda Waqooyiga 4.9%, Galbeedka Africa 3.3%, Badhtamaha qaarada 2.2%, iyo dalalka Koonfurta Africa oo la saadaaliyay koboca korodh dhaqaale 1.2%. Rwanda waa waddanka koboca dhaqaalaha Bariga Africa horboodaysa kobiciisa dhaqaale waxa lagu qiyaasaa 7.8%, Itoobiya 7.2%, Tanzania 6.6%, Kenya 6%, Djibouti 5.9%, Uganda 5.3%, Somalia 2.9% iyo Somaliland 2%.
Somaliland saboolnimada iyo cunto-yarida (poverty and food insecurity) ayaa si weyn ugu baahsan guud ahaan dalka Baanka Adduunku, wuxuu sheegay in dadka ku nool dhulka miyiga (rural area) ay 37% ku nool yihiin xaalad faqri xad- dhaaf ah (extreme poverty), halka 29.7% bulshada ku nool magaalooyinku ay yihiin sabool (urban areas). Taas oo macnaheedu tahay in ka badan saddexdii qof hal qof ee ku nool miyiga ayaa ku nool nolol saboolnimo ah. Sidoo kale in ka badan afartii qof hal qof oo ku nool magaalooyinka ayaa ku nool faqri sida warbixinta lagu tibaaxay. In kasta oo dalku aannu haysan aqoonsi rasmi ah oo calami ah waxa aad u hooseeya xadiga shaqada iyo heerka maalgashiga, heerka shaqo laโaanta waxa lagu qiyaasay in ay shaqo laโa yihiin 38% ragga iyo dumarka 17%. [3]
Dhaqaalaha Somaliland waxa hoos u dhac la taaban karo ku keenay xanuunka safmareenka karoona fayras, ayaxa, xayiraada moosinka xajka, iyo hakadka isku socodka gaadiidka. Lixdii bilood ee hore 2021 waxa ay diwaangalisay isdhin ganacsi (trade deficit) oo dhan $876 Milyan iyo hoos u dhac dakhli 3.5% ah, waxay la soo degtay alaab qiimaheedu tahay $ 1.0 Bilyan halka ay dhoofisay waxsoosaar qiimihiisu yahay $ 146 Milyan.[4] Maadaama ay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay waxasoodejinta tani dalka waxa ay sababtay xasilooni laโaan dhaqaale (instability economy) iyo isku dheelitirnaan laโaan ganacsi (imbalance trade).[5]
Sanad maaliyadeedka 2021 heerka celceliska sicir bararka ayaa gaadhay 6% balse sanadka 2022 waxaa ย la filayaa in muddada dhexe uu gaadhi karo ilaa 4.5%, hoos u dhac yar. Bishii November 2021, sarifka halka doolar wuxuu ahaa 8,560 SLSH, bishii ka horaysay October waxa la diwaangeliyay qiimo dhac 0.9%. Lacagta Shillinka ayaa sanadkii u dambeeyay xasiloonayd qiimo ahaan (Optimistic Scenario 1)…
Maqaalkan oo dhammaystran halkan ka akhrisoย Falanqaynta Miisaaniyadda 2022, Bashir Mohamed, ESAC
bashiirmaxamed653@gmail.comย