Ilaa badhtamihii qarniyadii 1900-meeyadii, waxaa si weyn goobaha lagu kulmo u hadheeyey su’aalaha ku saabsan natiijada cilmi-nafsiga daawaynta. Cilmi-baarisyo badan oo weydiintaa warcelin loogu raadinayo ayaa qaadatay waqti dheer, wejiyo badan na soo martay. Cadeymaha inta badan la soo bandhigay ee taageerada u ahayd daawaynta cilmi-nafsiga ayaa ahaa sheekooyin(anecdotes), warbixinno (testimonials) , iyo daraasado kiis (case studies) oo inta badan ay qoreen isla dhakhaatiirta nafsiga wax ku daweeya, kuwaasoo ah sharaxaadyo shakhsiyeed oo ku saabsan horumarka uu sameeyey bukaanku. Daraasadaha lagu baarayay natiijada daawaynta nafsigu waxay si muuqata usoo shaacbaxday ilaa 1950-yadii.
Maxaa keenay in su’aashan la isweydiiyo?
Sanadkii 1952dii ayuu Hans Eysenck oo ahaa nafsiyahan (Psychologist) asalkiisu Jarmal ahaa daabacay daraasad uu ku qiimeeyey wax tarka isku daawaynta cilmi-nafsiga. Hadalladiisa waxay ahaayeen kuwo mudan in la fiiriyo oo muran dhalinaya: Kadib markii uu dib u eegay qaar ka mid ah daraasadaha hore ee tijaabooyinka cilmi-nafsiga ee natiijada daawaynta, Eysenck wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay in inta badan bukaanadu ay iska caafimaadaan iyaga oo aan daaweyn helin, guud ahaan na daawaynta cilmi-nafsiga aysan ahayn mid faa’iido badan leh.
In kasta oo habkiisa cilmibaadhiseed la dhaleeceeyey, maxsuulka daraasadiisana la laalay, eedeeynta Eysenck ee ah in daawayntu aysan shaqeyn waxay dhiirrigelisay kumanaan daraasadood oo cilmi-baaris ah oo ku saabsan natiijooyinka daaweynta nafsiga ah.
Qoraayadii ayaa qalinka boobay, cilmi-baadhayaashii ayaa guntiga dhiisha isaga dhigay intii u dhexaysay 1960-meeyadii iyo 1970-meeyadii. Cidda (Who), Goorta (When), iyo sida (How) baadhitaanada loo samaynayo ayaa waqtibadan lafa gurkeeda iyo qorsheeynteedu qaadatay. Waxaa loo batay inay ugu haboontahay, natiijo cilmi iyo aqoon ku salaysan na lagu gaadhi karo, haddii la raaco habka saddexleyda (tripartite model). Habkaas oo yoolkiisu yahay in kiis kasta laga eego saddex jiho; dhanka bukaha, dhakhtarka daweeyey, iyo dadka bukaha la dhaqmay ama ka ag dhow. Waxaa xusid mudan in Boqolaal iyo boqolaal kiis daraasado lagu sameeyey.
Dhamaadka 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii, falanqaynta waxyaabihii cilmi-baadhisyadaas ka soo baxay ayaa cirka isku shareeray. Waa la lafa guray, oo la rogrogay oo qodxaha laga guray. Natiijadiina waxay noqotay in ugu danbayn hoosta laga xariiqo sidan;
1. GUUD AHAAN DAAWEYNTA CILMINAGSIGA AH WAA LAGU DAWOOBAA HADDII AY HAWSHAA QABTAAN NAFSIYAHANO TAKHASUSKAA LEH.
2. INTA BADAN DADKII WAX LA WEYDIIYAY WAXAY KU JAWAABEEN IN DAWAYNTA CILMINAGSIGA AY KU LADNAADEEN.
Xigasho
1. Pomerantz, An. M. (2011). Clinical Psychology.
2. Hansen, N. D., Randazzo, K. V., Schwartz, A.,Marshall,M., Kalis, D., Frazier, R., et al. (2006). Do we practice what we preach? An exploratory survey of multicultural psychotherapy competencies. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37, 66–74.
Bandhige@gmail.com